{"id":6452,"date":"2021-06-16T15:23:25","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T15:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/?p=6452"},"modified":"2021-06-30T08:48:28","modified_gmt":"2021-06-30T08:48:28","slug":"companies-and-partnerships-launder-most-dirty-money","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/16\/companies-and-partnerships-launder-most-dirty-money\/","title":{"rendered":"Companies and partnerships launder most dirty money"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kenrapoza\/2021\/06\/14\/dark-tech-latest-ransom-scandals-highlight-cryptos-role-as-money-laundering-play\/?sh=277a46356aa7\">Cryptocurrencies have recently been in the headlines<\/a> for their role in laundering the proceeds of cybercrime, such as ransomware.<\/p>\n<p>But it\u2019s by means of a much older invention that most dirty money is laundered\u2014limited companies and partnerships.<\/p>\n<p>According to NorthRow, a UK-based technology company, $1trn a year is stolen every year from the world&#8217;s poorest countries and laundered through a complex network of shell companies, trusts and other legal structures, some in \u2018offshore\u2019 financial centres but many in financial hubs like London.<\/p>\n<p>NorthRow says that layers of corporate structures, together with a lack of standardised reporting, make it extremely difficult to identify the ultimate beneficial owners of shell companies. In turn, this makes money laundering cases near-impossible to solve.<\/p>\n<p>And corporations have a dominant role in processing dark money flows. Europol recently estimated that 80 percent of active EU criminal networks are using legitimate businesses to hide their ill-gotten gains.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The UK dark money nexus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s ill-guided past government policy that often puts the UK at the nexus of criminal money movements, say researchers Graham Barrow and Ray Blake, presenters of a podcast devoted to money laundering called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedarkmoneyfiles.com\/\">the Dark Money Files<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe UK government has been consistently clear that it wants the UK to be an easy place in which to establish a business. And it&#8217;s so easy to do here that the criminals have flocked to set up their companies,\u201d Barrow said on the podcast.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Corporations have a dominant role in processing dark money flows<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>On a recent Dark Money Files episode, Barrow and Blake gave an example of how easy it is for criminals to get around rules, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/keeping-your-people-with-significant-control-psc-register\">brought in five years ago<\/a>, requiring UK companies and limited liability partnerships (LLPs) to declare anyone owning more than 25 percent of shares as a person of significant control (PSC).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen you see four equal shareholders in a company it&#8217;s a neat way of dodging having to name a PSC,\u201d said Barrow.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt&#8217;s possible to set up a limited company largely following the rules, while at the same time revealing virtually nothing about who the people who ultimately own the company.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCompanies House [the UK\u2019s corporate registrar] doesn&#8217;t have the resources currently to police the system, and people have if anything started taking more liberties,\u201d Barrow said.<\/p>\n<p>According to Barrow and Blake, global money launderers have recently been making use of more arcane UK legal structures, such as Scottish limited partnerships (SLPs), to move money around.<\/p>\n<p>SLPs were first introduced in the late nineteenth century as a way for Scotland\u2019s tenant farmers to manage their businesses.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cUnlike other British limited partnerships, a Scottish limited partnership (SLP) has a distinct legal personality and can do business in its own name,\u201d said Barrow.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cYou can\u2019t currently wind up an SLP\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cA number of SLPs used in \u2018laundromats\u2019 [money laundering operations] had similar structures,\u201d Barrow went on.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBoth the general and limited partners would be legal entities based in offshore locations such as Belize, the Marshall Islands, Dominica or the Seychelles,\u201d said Barrow.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf they named a PSC (and often they don&#8217;t bother, because frankly Companies House doesn&#8217;t enforce the requirement), it tended to be someone from one of the central or eastern European states like Ukraine, Belarus or Uzbekistan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd SLPs don&#8217;t have to file accounts or even provide the addresses or names of the signatories to the partnership applications,\u201d Barrow said.<\/p>\n<p>Making things worse, he went on, it\u2019s even possible to make a Scottish limited partnership disappear temporarily from view.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou can\u2019t currently wind up an SLP,\u201d Barrow said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou can dissolve one, but for the price of a stamp and filling in the requisite form you can reinstate it at any time,\u201d Barrow said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSo just because an SLP might appear at Companies House as dissolved it doesn&#8217;t mean it&#8217;s dead and gone,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>No more easy company formation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to journalist and author Oliver Bullough, <a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/19\/moneyland\/\">a past guest on the <em>New Money Review<\/em> podcast<\/a>, we can\u2019t expect the countries and company agents that benefit from money laundering to stop their work.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are jurisdictions all around the world that make a very good living out of essentially allowing crooks to get away with whatever they like,\u201d Bullough said yesterday on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northrow.com\/beneficial-ownership-webinar-on-demand-video\/\">a webinar organised by NorthRow<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, he said, it\u2019s time to make it harder for money launderers to operate in jurisdictions like the UK. A first step, argues Bullough, is to rethink the lax current rules on company formation.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need to get away from this whole model of thinking that it&#8217;s a good idea to sell companies cheaply,\u201d said Bullough.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCompanies are astonishingly powerful tools for developing industrial capitalism,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey&#8217;re a form of insurance to allow entrepreneurs to spread their risks onto the rest of society and, considering they&#8217;re an insurance policy, the idea that they can be anonymous is absolutely absurd. An anonymous insurance policy is just an invitation for fraud,\u201d Bullough said.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lack of usable data<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are also formidable problems facing those wishing to investigate money laundering, for example by tracing patterns of ownership and behaviour in repositories of corporate data.<\/p>\n<p>According to Transparency International (TI), a non-profit organisation fighting corruption, only two of 28 European Union member states\u2014Denmark and Latvia\u2014provide free public access to registers of the ultimate beneficial ownership of companies.<\/p>\n<p>According to Laure Brillaud, a senior policy analyst at TI, several European countries have no mandatory public register at all.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cGermany doesn\u2019t have a national register of legal entities,\u201d Brillaud said on yesterday\u2019s NorthRow webinar, \u201cand registering in a central register is only mandatory when there isn\u2019t another register available.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And even if national corporate registers exist, the way they grant access often makes researchers\u2019 work difficult to perform, she went on.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThe scale of the problem is immeasurable\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cIn the Luxembourg company register you can only search by company name, not by beneficial owner,\u201d said Brillaud.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnd the data is not available as open data, in a machine-readable format, which really limits the possibility to cross-check and cross-reference with other databases,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>According to NorthRow, the burden of verifying beneficial ownership information should be placed on the state, a registrar or on regulated intermediaries, rather than being left as a responsibility of the companies themselves.<\/p>\n<p>And where legal structures obscure beneficial ownership, there needs to be some interpretation of the data, not just the statement a list of facts, the firm argues.<\/p>\n<p><strong>An unholy mess<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the meantime, according to Bullough, our current system of legal entities enables crime to persist on a massive scale.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe shell company is a form of state-sanctioned identity fraud,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019ve ended up with an unholy mess. The scale of the problem is immeasurable.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/du6eTr\">Sign up here<\/a> for the New Money Review newsletter<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/blubrry.com\/newmoneyreview\/\">Click here<\/a> for a full list of episodes of the New Money Review podcast: the future of money in 30 minutes<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Related content from <em>New Money Review<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2019\/11\/19\/moneyland\/\">Moneyland<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/12\/let-the-bad-guys-in\/\">Let the bad guys in<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2018\/12\/10\/the-battle-over-financial-privacy\/\">The battle over financial privacy<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cryptocurrencies have recently been in the headlines for their role in laundering the proceeds of cybercrime, such as ransomware. But it\u2019s by means of a much older invention that most [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1013,1053,1059,1014],"tags":[2023,2024,1655,2021,2025,2022],"class_list":{"0":"post-6452","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-account","8":"category-featured-1","9":"category-new-money-review-staff","10":"category-payment","11":"tag-dark-money-files","12":"tag-graham-barrow","13":"tag-money-laundering","14":"tag-northrow","15":"tag-ray-blake","16":"tag-transparency-international"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Companies and partnerships launder most dirty money - New Money Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/16\/companies-and-partnerships-launder-most-dirty-money\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Companies and partnerships launder most dirty money - New Money Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cryptocurrencies have recently been in the headlines for their role in laundering the proceeds of cybercrime, such as ransomware. 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