{"id":6444,"date":"2021-06-08T08:23:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-08T08:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/?p=6444"},"modified":"2021-06-23T07:05:09","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T07:05:09","slug":"bank-of-england-prepares-for-money-earthquake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/08\/bank-of-england-prepares-for-money-earthquake\/","title":{"rendered":"Bank of England prepares for money earthquake"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The UK\u2019s central bank is preparing for a once-in-a-lifetime reordering of the monetary system as a result of the arrival of new forms of digital money.<\/p>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/paper\/2021\/new-forms-of-digital-money\">discussion paper<\/a> published on June 7, the Bank of England said the emergence of new forms of private money, such as stablecoins, as well as new central bank digital currency (CBDC), may fundamentally change the way finance operates in the UK.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What are stablecoins and CBDCs?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Private <a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2019\/10\/09\/the-stablecoin-race\/\">stablecoins<\/a> are digital versions of existing fiat money, like the pound, dollar, euro or yen, issued by private sector entities and backed by reserves.<\/p>\n<p>However, stablecoins promise a range of enhancements over existing forms of digital money, such as electronic deposits held in bank accounts.<\/p>\n<p>For example, stablecoins may underlie \u2018smart\u2019 contracts (self-executing code) and settle near-instantaneously.<\/p>\n<p>They may also allow frictionless online exchange around the clock, permit cross-border transfers and allow for integration with non-financial services.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2020\/11\/27\/central-banks-brace-for-stablecoin-explosion\/\">Bank for International Settlements predicted in December<\/a> that stablecoin volumes might grow by \u2018orders of magnitude\u2019 over coming years.<\/p>\n<p>Tech giant Facebook has been trying to launch a stablecoin since 2019 and <a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/13\/facebooks-stablecoin-to-target-multi-trillion-mmf-sector\/\">has recently refocused its efforts on doing so in the US<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, unregulated or semi-regulated private sector stablecoins like Tether and Circle <a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/05\/13\/tether-reserve-disclosure-leaves-unanswered-questions\/\">have grown their assets more than twentyfold<\/a> since the onset of the coronavirus pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>The other new form of digital money\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2020\/10\/13\/keeping-money-public\/\">CBDCs<\/a>\u2014is fundamentally different from private stablecoins. CBDCs are a direct liability of the central bank, rather than of a private sector entity.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Difficult trade-offs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In its discussion paper, the Bank of England outlined the difficult trade-offs involved in ensuring the functioning of a future financial system containing both stablecoins and CBDCs.<\/p>\n<p>The Bank is responsible for ensuring both monetary stability\u2014defined as a target inflation rate of 2 percent a year\u2014and financial stability in the UK.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNew forms of digital money could be preferred by the public to commercial bank deposits, but they will endure only if they can be trusted as a store of value and as an accepted means of payment,\u201d the Bank said.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cStablecoins must promise, credibly and consistently, to be fully interchangeable with existing forms of money. In other words, they must be anchored.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cThis means that stablecoins must promise, credibly and consistently, to be fully interchangeable with existing forms of money. In other words, they must be anchored. This is essential for ensuring that users have the same confidence in stablecoins as commercial bank money.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the Bank went on, stablecoins must be subject to the same kind of rules as banks.<\/p>\n<p>Specifically, it said, stablecoin issuers would need to meet capital and liquidity rules and offer deposit insurance.<\/p>\n<p>The stablecoins that have grown out of the last decade\u2019s cryptocurrency boom\u2014notably Tether\u2014have so far avoided any such regulation, while details on their asset backing are scant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tighter credit, easier payments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to the Bank of England, the arrival of new forms of digital money could also impact the role of credit provision. Currently, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bankofengland.co.uk\/knowledgebank\/how-is-money-created\">around 80 percent of money in the UK comes into existence as a result of bank loans<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA large-scale displacement of commercial bank money by new forms of digital money could mean a higher fraction of money in the economy backed by high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) rather than by loans to the real economy,\u201d the Bank said in its discussion paper.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn that event, real economy loans could be financed instead by more stable, and expensive, sources of funding, reducing the efficiency with which commercial banks extend credit. As a result, there could be a greater reliance on non-banks for credit provision.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, the potential for a reduction in the availability of credit should be set against the gains promised by new digital payment services, the Bank went on.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOverall, there may be a trade-off between the optimal provision of transaction services\u2014that is, payments\u2014and intermediation services, that is, credit,\u201d the Bank said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOn the one hand, the introduction of new forms of digital money may improve the range of transaction services available to people. On the other hand, it might reduce the efficiency of credit provision in the economy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who\u2019s in charge?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In its discussion paper, the Bank also admitted the challenges new money has created for regulators by crossing existing demarcation lines between government agencies.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNew forms of digital money raise important issues that cut across the responsibilities of a number of UK authorities,\u201d it said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhile the Bank supervises systemic payment systems as part of its financial stability objective, the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is the sole regulator for a range of other payment firms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn addition, the Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) is the economic regulator of the payments industry,\u201d the Bank went on.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn future, under the proposed approach of Her Majesty\u2019s Treasury (HMT) to stablecoin regulation, the Bank would regulate systemic stablecoins. Matters in relation to consumer protection and to rules around conduct would fall within the responsibility of the FCA.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Bank is asking for feedback to its paper by September 7.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/du6eTr\">Sign up here<\/a> for the New Money Review newsletter<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/blubrry.com\/newmoneyreview\/\">Click here<\/a> for a full list of episodes of the New Money Review podcast: the future of money in 30 minutes<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Related content from <em>New Money Review<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2020\/09\/04\/bank-of-england-warns-of-money-wild-west\/\">Bank of England warns of money Wild West<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UK\u2019s central bank is preparing for a once-in-a-lifetime reordering of the monetary system as a result of the arrival of new forms of digital money. In a discussion paper [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6443,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1013,1012,1053,1026,1014,1011],"tags":[1224,1289,1213,1055,1835,1420],"class_list":{"0":"post-6444","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-account","8":"category-exchange","9":"category-featured-1","10":"category-latest-slider","11":"category-payment","12":"category-value","13":"tag-bank-of-england","14":"tag-cbdc","15":"tag-circle","16":"tag-facebook","17":"tag-stablecoins","18":"tag-tether"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bank of England prepares for money earthquake - New Money Review<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmoneyreview.com\/index.php\/2021\/06\/08\/bank-of-england-prepares-for-money-earthquake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bank of England prepares for money earthquake - New Money Review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The UK\u2019s central bank is preparing for a once-in-a-lifetime reordering of the monetary system as a result of the arrival of new forms of digital money. 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